{"id":634,"date":"2022-10-05T09:06:01","date_gmt":"2022-10-05T09:06:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/owolff.com.linux20.curanetserver.dk\/?page_id=634"},"modified":"2024-10-04T10:09:58","modified_gmt":"2024-10-04T08:09:58","slug":"buzzers-and-piezo-transducers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/owolff.com\/en\/application-support\/buzzers-and-piezo-transducers\/","title":{"rendered":"Buzzers and Piezo transducers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lcg9ppdn-ef2b3d83330acf397f1dd7b14bc26d3f\">\n.avia-section.av-lcg9ppdn-ef2b3d83330acf397f1dd7b14bc26d3f{\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.avia-section.av-lcg9ppdn-ef2b3d83330acf397f1dd7b14bc26d3f .av-parallax .av-parallax-inner{\nbackground-color:#702423;\nbackground-image:url(https:\/\/owolff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Acoustic-buzzers.jpg);\nbackground-repeat:no-repeat;\nbackground-position:50% 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class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Buzzers and Piezo transducers<\/h1><div class='av_custom_color av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>Piezoelectric transducers (\u201cpiezos\u201d) come in many shapes and sizes<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='clear'><\/div><div id='sub_menu1'  class='av-submenu-container av-j6wca-d827ec2c86eee5be1276e4835bc1a126 socket_color  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  submenu-style-2 av-sticky-submenu submenu-not-first container_wrap sidebar_right' style='z-index:301' ><div class='container av-menu-mobile-disabled av-submenu-pos-center'><ul id='av-custom-submenu-1' class='av-subnav-menu' role='menu'>\n<li class='menu-item av-1nj1ci-6b3fee00ba60eff95acfc3290da822fd menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-1' role='menuitem'><a 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id=\"style-css-av-r87iy-8615336d53748e59b7e50b43759b8910\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-r87iy-8615336d53748e59b7e50b43759b8910{\npadding-bottom:20px;\ncolor:#101010;\nfont-size:30px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-r87iy-8615336d53748e59b7e50b43759b8910 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-r87iy-8615336d53748e59b7e50b43759b8910 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:30px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-r87iy-8615336d53748e59b7e50b43759b8910 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#101010;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-r87iy-8615336d53748e59b7e50b43759b8910 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-r87iy-8615336d53748e59b7e50b43759b8910 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-r87iy-8615336d53748e59b7e50b43759b8910 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-r87iy-8615336d53748e59b7e50b43759b8910 av-special-heading-h2 custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-6  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  av-inherit-size'><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Buzzers and Piezo transducers<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ldyegxfl-1da32ffdff39371e05137bf738c15995 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Piezoelectric transducers (\u201cpiezos\u201d) come in many shapes and sizes and are used in a variety of applications where size, cost and efficiency are the main concerns.<\/p>\n<p>There are three fundamental design considerations when using a piezo \u2013 optimization of the mounting method, sound level enhancement using a front Helmholtz resonator, and the electrical contact method. Each of these are addressed below to ensure optimal sound performance from a circular piezo element.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6nq4a-6b473ae85b14b93dbeb09098246b7567\">\n#top .flex_column.av-6nq4a-6b473ae85b14b93dbeb09098246b7567{\nmargin-top:80px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-6nq4a-6b473ae85b14b93dbeb09098246b7567{\nmargin-top:80px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-6nq4a-6b473ae85b14b93dbeb09098246b7567 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_two_third  el_before_av_one_full  flex_column_div  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lzmgxq8q-a838d6543474a528e3e31fc3bbb2337a\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lzmgxq8q-a838d6543474a528e3e31fc3bbb2337a img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lzmgxq8q-a838d6543474a528e3e31fc3bbb2337a .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lzmgxq8q-a838d6543474a528e3e31fc3bbb2337a av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-9  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-8196 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-8196 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/owolff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Piezos-e1723193654653.png\" alt='' title='Piezos'  height=\"225\" width=\"211\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='flex_column_table av-15vtvr-c2766b4e7ab9f0f32e8a06ebc77bbd21 sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-15vtvr-c2766b4e7ab9f0f32e8a06ebc77bbd21\">\n#top .flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-15vtvr-c2766b4e7ab9f0f32e8a06ebc77bbd21{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-15vtvr-c2766b4e7ab9f0f32e8a06ebc77bbd21{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-15vtvr-c2766b4e7ab9f0f32e8a06ebc77bbd21 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-animated-generic left-to-right av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-izp56-8d73db5c613a40dbfa9e3fabf1ea279b\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-izp56-8d73db5c613a40dbfa9e3fabf1ea279b{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-izp56-8d73db5c613a40dbfa9e3fabf1ea279b .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-izp56-8d73db5c613a40dbfa9e3fabf1ea279b .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:30px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-izp56-8d73db5c613a40dbfa9e3fabf1ea279b .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-izp56-8d73db5c613a40dbfa9e3fabf1ea279b av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-11  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Edge mounted or nodal mounted piezos &#8211; or somewhere in between<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ldyegxfl-6-6a014cd9c7e49bdb107f39ec439c989b '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Depending on the application, piezos are typically either edge mounted (supported at the outer diameter, Figure 1) or nodal mounted (supported at the fundamental frequency nodal diameter, Figure 1) &#8211; or somewhere in between!<\/p>\n<p>The mounting method can significantly change the frequency response of the piezo. Ole Wolff can tell you the optimal mounting method and placement depending on the frequency content of the desired output signal and the physical restrictions of the enclosure.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lzmiao7p-2585b135be2e8b7d8b8bedc00b7dc7b2\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lzmiao7p-2585b135be2e8b7d8b8bedc00b7dc7b2 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lzmiao7p-2585b135be2e8b7d8b8bedc00b7dc7b2 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lzmiao7p-2585b135be2e8b7d8b8bedc00b7dc7b2 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-13  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-8204 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-8204 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/owolff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Deflection-1500x394.png\" alt='' title='Deflection'  height=\"394\" width=\"1500\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/owolff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Deflection-1500x394.png 1500w, https:\/\/owolff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Deflection-600x158.png 600w, https:\/\/owolff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Deflection-300x79.png 300w, https:\/\/owolff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Deflection-1030x271.png 1030w, https:\/\/owolff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Deflection-768x202.png 768w, https:\/\/owolff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Deflection-1536x404.png 1536w, https:\/\/owolff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Deflection-18x5.png 18w, https:\/\/owolff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Deflection-705x185.png 705w, https:\/\/owolff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Deflection-24x6.png 24w, https:\/\/owolff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Deflection-36x9.png 36w, https:\/\/owolff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Deflection-48x13.png 48w, https:\/\/owolff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Deflection.png 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lzmibkhq-df58296e1c3827df952c185e0bf9d72e '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Figure 1: Edge mounted piezo (left) and nodal mounted piezo (right).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. 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avia-icon_select-yes-right-icon avia-size-large avia-position-center avia-color-light'   aria-label=\"Find Buzzers and Piezo transducers\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Find Buzzers and Piezo transducers<\/span><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_right avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue875' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ge3jm-ebcb3a17e401fcec95f2c24f515f33de\">\n.flex_column.av-ge3jm-ebcb3a17e401fcec95f2c24f515f33de{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-ge3jm-ebcb3a17e401fcec95f2c24f515f33de av_one_third  avia-builder-el-18  el_after_av_one_third  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-ldyf7owu-895b5f8d24905f6532ed1d50d996c5c1{\nmargin-top:80px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-ldyf7owu-895b5f8d24905f6532ed1d50d996c5c1 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-20  el_before_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-hmale-2d091b65762eed2f8ba18b33d28c0ea1\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-hmale-2d091b65762eed2f8ba18b33d28c0ea1{\npadding-bottom:20px;\ncolor:#101010;\nfont-size:30px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-hmale-2d091b65762eed2f8ba18b33d28c0ea1 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-hmale-2d091b65762eed2f8ba18b33d28c0ea1 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:30px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-hmale-2d091b65762eed2f8ba18b33d28c0ea1 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#101010;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-hmale-2d091b65762eed2f8ba18b33d28c0ea1 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-hmale-2d091b65762eed2f8ba18b33d28c0ea1 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-hmale-2d091b65762eed2f8ba18b33d28c0ea1 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-hmale-2d091b65762eed2f8ba18b33d28c0ea1 av-special-heading-h2 custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-21  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  av-inherit-size'><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Resonator design<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ldyegxfl-5-4460a0003a33bf90a0229de2f662d255 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"BrdtekstFutura\">A front resonator can significantly amplify a piezo\u2019s sound level. These resonators are typically high Q and are designed to enhance the highest frequency of interest. The important design parameters of a resonator are the volume and the port dimensions.<\/div>\n<div class=\"BrdtekstFutura\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BrdtekstFutura\">Ole Wolff uses finite element methods software to optimize the resonator design. As with all sound sources, it is critical to isolate the front and rear sides of the piezo to prevent sound cancellation.<\/div>\n<div class=\"BrdtekstFutura\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BrdtekstFutura\">With nodal mounting it is also necessary to isolate the inner and outer regions (inside and outside the nodal diameter). This is easily accomplished with the resonator and an enclosed back cavity created by the PCB.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ldyfay2m-09fbb5840366b81f197f50f0684f6c7f\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-ldyfay2m-09fbb5840366b81f197f50f0684f6c7f{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-ldyfay2m-09fbb5840366b81f197f50f0684f6c7f hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-23  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_button '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-ldyhpwb2-4-f45bb82f8bae3354176ab6c82327cd90-wrap avia-button-center  avia-builder-el-24  el_after_av_hr  avia-builder-el-last  button-front-2'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ldyhpwb2-4-f45bb82f8bae3354176ab6c82327cd90\">\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-ldyhpwb2-4-f45bb82f8bae3354176ab6c82327cd90{\ncolor:#bf4542;\ntransition:all 0.4s ease-in-out;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-ldyhpwb2-4-f45bb82f8bae3354176ab6c82327cd90:hover{\nbackground-color:#f9f9f9;\ncolor:#ffffff;\ntransition:all 0.4s ease-in-out;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-ldyhpwb2-4-f45bb82f8bae3354176ab6c82327cd90 .avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nfill:#bf4542;\nstroke:#bf4542;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-ldyhpwb2-4-f45bb82f8bae3354176ab6c82327cd90:hover .avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nfill:#ffffff;\nstroke:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<a href='https:\/\/owolff.com\/en\/application-support\/simulation-in-comsol-multiphysics\/'  class='avia-button av-ldyhpwb2-4-f45bb82f8bae3354176ab6c82327cd90 av-link-btn avia-icon_select-yes-right-icon avia-size-large avia-position-center avia-color-light'   aria-label=\"Read more about simulation in Comsol Multiphysics\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Read more about simulation in Comsol Multiphysics<\/span><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_right avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue875' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-9k65e-98fef810b6225686641876ef82d3b6e3\">\n#top .flex_column.av-9k65e-98fef810b6225686641876ef82d3b6e3{\nmargin-top:80px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-9k65e-98fef810b6225686641876ef82d3b6e3{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-9k65e-98fef810b6225686641876ef82d3b6e3{\nmargin-top:80px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-9k65e-98fef810b6225686641876ef82d3b6e3 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-25  el_after_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ldyf92b6-d1ec0cb6ee2cd9cfec7cab85bb1ccc3a\">\n.avia-image-container.av-ldyf92b6-d1ec0cb6ee2cd9cfec7cab85bb1ccc3a img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-ldyf92b6-d1ec0cb6ee2cd9cfec7cab85bb1ccc3a .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-ldyf92b6-d1ec0cb6ee2cd9cfec7cab85bb1ccc3a av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-26  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-3426 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-3426 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/owolff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Buzzers-845x684.png\" alt='' title='Buzzers'  height=\"684\" width=\"845\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/owolff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Buzzers-845x684.png 845w, https:\/\/owolff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Buzzers-495x400.png 495w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 845px) 100vw, 845px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ldyegxfl-3-e4df610f708d9cf68395229bd3194b89 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"BrdtekstFutura\"><em>Comsol simulation of a front resonator with three holes.<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jftj7-0a5964804fe38578d22bcae38f56e22f\">\n.avia-section.av-jftj7-0a5964804fe38578d22bcae38f56e22f .av-parallax .av-parallax-inner{\nbackground-color:#702423;\nbackground-image:url(https:\/\/owolff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/background_graphic2-1-909x1030.png);\nbackground-repeat:no-repeat;\nbackground-position:50% 50%;\nbackground-attachment:scroll;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_4'  class='avia-section 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avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div av-animated-generic right-to-left av-zero-column-padding  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-b9x56-424c51da75899e90dc89573484d2a483\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-b9x56-424c51da75899e90dc89573484d2a483{\nmargin:50px 0 0 0;\npadding-bottom:20px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\nfont-size:30px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-b9x56-424c51da75899e90dc89573484d2a483 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-b9x56-424c51da75899e90dc89573484d2a483 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:30px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-b9x56-424c51da75899e90dc89573484d2a483 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-b9x56-424c51da75899e90dc89573484d2a483 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-b9x56-424c51da75899e90dc89573484d2a483 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-b9x56-424c51da75899e90dc89573484d2a483 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-b9x56-424c51da75899e90dc89573484d2a483 av-special-heading-h2 custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-30  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  av-inherit-size'><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Electrical contact<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l833e7ea-3314b3cc4a4d784005b7492a567e270a\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l833e7ea-3314b3cc4a4d784005b7492a567e270a .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l833e7ea-3314b3cc4a4d784005b7492a567e270a '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Electrical contact is typically provided by lead wires either soldered to the PCB or fitted with a connector. This method ensures the least obstruction to the piezo\u2019s motion. Other connection methods include coil or bent springs soldered to the PCB. This simplifies the assembly process but requires careful consideration of the spring position and the contact force. For edge mounted piezos Ole Wolff recommends the spring contacts be placed as close as possible to the outer edge. For nodal mounting it is recommended to locate the contacts near the nodal diameter.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='1'  class='avia-section av-akx4r-baebccccb980ee808303f879b905104f main_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-32  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-custom av-height-custom  container_wrap sidebar_right'   data-av_minimum_height_px='500'><div class='container av-section-cont-open' style='height:500px'><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-634'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-fszce-09e5c0849f7fc2da1842db2f1f9fffea\">\n.flex_column.av-fszce-09e5c0849f7fc2da1842db2f1f9fffea{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-fszce-09e5c0849f7fc2da1842db2f1f9fffea av_one_full  avia-builder-el-33  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-9cjgi-838d6eb9266f0eba90718674a62333ea\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-9cjgi-838d6eb9266f0eba90718674a62333ea{\nmargin:80px 0 0 0;\npadding-bottom:20px;\ncolor:#101010;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-9cjgi-838d6eb9266f0eba90718674a62333ea .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-9cjgi-838d6eb9266f0eba90718674a62333ea .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#101010;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-9cjgi-838d6eb9266f0eba90718674a62333ea .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-9cjgi-838d6eb9266f0eba90718674a62333ea av-special-heading-h2 custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-34  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Let Ole Wolff assist you throughout the entire design process<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ldyfwzt7-cafcd5e4fa2a6464207a7866b5ea49b2\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-ldyfwzt7-cafcd5e4fa2a6464207a7866b5ea49b2{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-ldyfwzt7-cafcd5e4fa2a6464207a7866b5ea49b2 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-35  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_timeline '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l8vgdmy8-94b7f552ee0be7ca2728a859f587c0ea\">\n.avia-timeline-container.av-l8vgdmy8-94b7f552ee0be7ca2728a859f587c0ea .av-milestone-icon-inner{\nbackground-color:#702423;\n}\n.avia-timeline-container.av-l8vgdmy8-94b7f552ee0be7ca2728a859f587c0ea .av-milestone-indicator{\nbackground-color:#702423;\n}\n.avia-timeline-container.av-l8vgdmy8-94b7f552ee0be7ca2728a859f587c0ea .av-milestone-article-footer{\nbackground-color:#702423;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  id=\"avia-timeline-1\"  class='avia-timeline-container av-l8vgdmy8-94b7f552ee0be7ca2728a859f587c0ea av-slideshow-ui  avia-builder-el-36  el_after_av_hr  avia-builder-el-last  avia-slideshow-carousel' avia-data-slides='4'><ul class='avia-timeline avia-timeline-horizontal av-milestone-placement-top avia-timeline-boxshadow avia_animate_when_almost_visible avia-timeline-animate'>\n<li  class='av-milestone av-cinhe-f38722a78a660527123339dd925f3774 av-animated-generic fade-in av-milestone-odd'><h2 class='av-milestone-date ' id='milestone-analysis' ><strong>Analysis<span class='av-milestone-indicator'><\/span><\/strong><\/h2><div class=\"av-milestone-icon-wrap\"><span class='av-milestone-icon milestone_icon'><span class='av-milestone-icon-inner milestone_inner'><span class='milestone_number'>1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div><article class='av-milestone-content-wrap'><div class='av-milestone-contentbox'><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Milestone: Analysis of audio signals\"><h4 class='av-milestone-title '>Analysis of audio signals<\/h4><\/header><div class='av-milestone-content'><ul>\n<li>Single- or multitone<\/li>\n<li>FFT analysis of multitone signal (song)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class='av-milestone-article-footer entry-footer'><\/footer><\/article><\/li>\n<li  class='av-milestone av-kdhky-02b57ad9e29b7e183a9959e2ab095503 av-animated-generic fade-in av-milestone-even'><h2 class='av-milestone-date ' id='milestone-choose' ><strong>Choose<span class='av-milestone-indicator'><\/span><\/strong><\/h2><div class=\"av-milestone-icon-wrap\"><span class='av-milestone-icon milestone_icon'><span class='av-milestone-icon-inner milestone_inner'><span class='milestone_number'>2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div><article class='av-milestone-content-wrap'><div class='av-milestone-contentbox'><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Milestone: Choose piezo disc and determine the best mounting method\"><h4 class='av-milestone-title '>Choose piezo disc and determine the best mounting method<\/h4><\/header><div class='av-milestone-content'><ul>\n<li>Cost considerations<\/li>\n<li>Edge or nodal mounting<\/li>\n<li>Optimum nodal diameter &#8211; simulations, measurements and space available<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class='av-milestone-article-footer entry-footer'><\/footer><\/article><\/li>\n<li  class='av-milestone av-e445m-9145c53b3c28b0e536a54525fa31a85d av-animated-generic fade-in av-milestone-odd'><h2 class='av-milestone-date ' id='milestone-design' ><strong>Design<span class='av-milestone-indicator'><\/span><\/strong><\/h2><div class=\"av-milestone-icon-wrap\"><span class='av-milestone-icon milestone_icon'><span class='av-milestone-icon-inner milestone_inner'><span class='milestone_number'>3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div><article class='av-milestone-content-wrap'><div class='av-milestone-contentbox'><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Milestone: Resonator design\"><h4 class='av-milestone-title '>Resonator design<\/h4><\/header><div class='av-milestone-content'><ul>\n<li>Simulation of the resonator in end product by finite elements (COMSOL) analysis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class='av-milestone-article-footer entry-footer'><\/footer><\/article><\/li>\n<li  class='av-milestone av-87os2-8bb514b148db0901fb6760c3b67f3984 av-animated-generic fade-in av-milestone-even'><h2 class='av-milestone-date ' id='milestone-prototypes' ><strong>Prototypes<span class='av-milestone-indicator'><\/span><\/strong><\/h2><div class=\"av-milestone-icon-wrap\"><span class='av-milestone-icon milestone_icon'><span class='av-milestone-icon-inner milestone_inner'><span 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